1. The Merit of Fasting on 'Asyura
Fasting on 10 Muharram is a highly encouraged practice. The Prophet Muhammad SAW said, "Fasting on the Day of 'Asyura, I hope that Allah will erase the sins of the previous year." (Reported by Muslim). However, most scholars recommend adding a fast a day before or after (9 and 11 Muharram) to distinguish oneself from the Jewish practice. This fast is not obligatory, but its reward is great. Imagine, just one day of fasting can forgive the sins of a whole year.
2. Historical Events Behind 10 Muharram
10 Muharram is not only about the reward of fasting. It also reminds us of several important events in Islamic history. Among them:
- The Story of Prophet Musa AS: According to tradition, on this day, Allah saved Prophet Musa and the Children of Israel from Pharaoh's pursuit. As an expression of gratitude, Prophet Musa fasted on that day, and the Prophet Muhammad SAW later encouraged his followers to fast as well.
- The Event of Karbala: For Shia Muslims, 10 Muharram is a day of mourning for the martyrdom of the Prophet's grandson, Imam Husain bin Ali, along with his family in the plains of Karbala. This event symbolizes the struggle against oppression and is often commemorated with ta'ziyah gatherings and lamentations.
3. Other Recommended Sunnah Practices Besides Fasting
Besides fasting, there are several other recommended practices on 10 Muharram. Among them:
- Increasing Charity: Feeding the poor and orphans. In some traditions, it is mentioned that those who expand their spending on their families on the Day of 'Asyura will receive blessings in their sustenance throughout the year.
- Performing Other Good Deeds: Such as performing voluntary prayers, reciting the Quran, and remembering Allah. Although there is no specific worship set aside besides fasting, this day remains an opportunity to draw closer to Allah.
- Sunnah Bathing: Some scholars consider bathing on the Day of 'Asyura as a sunnah, although there is no strong evidence for it. Therefore, be cautious when practicing something whose source is unclear.
4. A Reminder Not to Exceed the Limits
Every time 10 Muharram approaches, we are often exposed to various practices described as "sunnah" or "bid'ah." It is important for us to refer to authentic sources. For example, practices such as beating the chest, self-harm, or excessive mourning are not encouraged in Islam and are even prohibited because they resemble pre-Islamic practices. Focus on practices that have clear evidence, such as fasting and charity. Do not let the enthusiasm for celebrating 'Asyura lead us to actions that contradict the Shariah.
5. Diversity of Celebrations in Nusantara
In Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Nusantara region, 10 Muharram is also celebrated in unique ways. Among the famous traditions are:
- Bubur Asyura: A special dish made of porridge cooked with various ingredients like vegetables and meat, then distributed to neighbors and the poor. This tradition symbolizes gratitude and togetherness.
- Majlis of Yasin and Tahlil Readings: Many mosques and suraus hold special readings of Yasin and Tahlil on the night of 10 Muharram, followed by religious lectures.
- Parades and Processions: In some areas in Indonesia, such as Java, there are traditional parades or cultural processions that combine Islamic and local elements. However, ensure that these elements do not conflict with the creed.
Conclusion
10 Muharram is not just a red date on the calendar. It is a day full of lessons: about gratitude, sacrifice, and justice. Although we are advised to fast and give charity, do not forget to reflect on the message behind the events of 'Asyura—whether from the story of Prophet Musa or the tragedy of Karbala. Take this opportunity for self-reflection and to improve your deeds. May we all receive blessings and forgiveness on this noble day.